1. 研究目的与意义
In many European languages, nouns have different genders grammatically. Every noun was treated as masculine, feminine or neuter. However, the middle English of the 13th century was in transition to the loss of a gender system. In nowadays modern English, gender system is based on natural sex. For example, pronoun #8220;He#8221; represents a man, #8220;She#8221; represents a woman, #8220;It#8221; represents an animal or a thing. To some certain nouns, they can be divided into different genders not grammatically but semantically. Nouns describing men or male animals are masculine. On the contrary, nouns describing women or female animals are feminine. Besides these two different gender of nouns, there are neuter nouns, which mean nouns that don''t have clear genders. Learning how English nouns are divided into different categories has very important significance not only in linguistic leaning but also in reflecting the social status and discrimination between men and women. Thus, it is meaningful and important for people to recognize and understand the gender of English nouns.
2. 研究内容和预期目标
My paper will study on the gender of English nouns and pronouns and try to explain the gender marking system. This paper is divided into five chapters, introduction, gender of English nouns, gender of English pronouns, gender marking system of nouns and conclusion. The first chapter gives a brief introduction on the background and significance of the thesis. The second chapter introduces three different genders of English nouns. The third chapter analyzes the gender marking system of English nouns. The fourth chapter introduces the usage of pronouns. The last part is a conclusion about the whole paper.
3. 国内外研究现状
There have been many researches on the study of gender differences in English nouns made by both Chinese and foreign scholars. In the middle of 17th century, western countries had begun to study the gender differences in language. In western countries, the study of gender differences in language can be traced back to the middle of 17th century. In 1665, History Nature Morale desiles Antilles written by Robin Fort was regarded as the earliest literature on gender and language. It introduced that when European first arrived Lesser Antilles, they found that men and women used different languages there. Anthropologists had noticed that language used by men and women were different in phonology, syntax, and vocabulary. In 1922, the publishing of Language: Its Nature, Development and Origin written by Otto Jespersen, made it popular to study the genders of languages. Until 1960s, sociolinguistic studies sprang up and a lot of sociolinguists did many researches on different genders of languages and showed lots of scientific and accurate data to people. Since 1970s, many scholars like Lakoff, Zimmerman, West, and Thorne had promoted the study on the gender of languages. Nowadays, many foreign scholars focus on the gender differences of nouns and the discrimination arose from the differences. The world is becoming smaller because of the globalization, Chinese people started to learn English. More and more Chinese scholars have begun to pay attention to foreign languages and done a lot of researches on the gender of English nouns.
4. 计划与进度安排
I. Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Objectives and Significance of the Research
5. 参考文献
[1] Blurr,V. An Introduction to Social Constructionism[M].London,NY: Routledge, 1995.
[2] Bolinger,D. Language: the Loaded Weapon[M]. New York: Longman Publishing Group,1980.
[3] Coats, J. Women, Men and Language[M]. New York: Longman,1986
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